The network number is the whole part of the address. The binary mask entry includes ones in those bits that are signified as the network number in the IP address and zeros in those bits that are defined as the host number. It is possible to allocate a node number from a network number by means of a mask quickly and effectively. The mask is widely used in conjunction with the IP address but does not replace it. The mask describes the address space of the subnet, from which address the subnet begins and which ends. The subnet mask allows divides the IP address into two main parts: the subnet number and the number of a device. A subnet mask is a binary number that contains units in those bits that belong to the extended network prefix. Subnet masks are widely used today as such a feature. Therefore, it is recommended to allocate another feature that would help more flexibly define the boundary between the node number and the network number. Experts note that determining the network numbers by the first bytes of the address also cannot be called a flexible and efficient mechanism for addressing. Accordingly, the node number will be – 0.0.44.206. The first two bytes, which are supplemented by two zero bytes 185.23.0.0, are the network number. In this regard, it becomes obvious that since the first byte of the address 185.23.44.206 falls in the range 128-191, this address belongs to class B. The first few bits of the address determine the class. The classification is based on the concept of class. We have already considered the traditional scheme of distribution of the IP address on node number and network number. It all depends on what class the address belongs to. The network number can be represented by the first 8, 16, or 24 bits, and the host number – by the last 24, 16, or 8 bits. Thus, it becomes obvious that large networks are assigned class A addresses, medium – receive class B addresses, and small – class C. Addresses of this class are reserved for future applications. Sequence 11110 at the beginning of the address specifies its belonging to class E. If the destination address is a class D address, then such a package is available to all nodes to which this address is assigned. It designates a special, group address which is called multicast. If the sequence 1110 is the beginning of the address, then this address belongs to class D. There are ranges of network numbers, as well as the maximum number of nodes corresponding to each class of networks: But such that the meanings of these first bits of the address are indications of which class a particular IP address belongs to.Ĭonsider the table below. The class system uses the value of the first bit of the address. It allows distinguishing which part of the IP address refers to the network number and the host number. The class system is used to more rationally define the size of the network. It is not necessary on an isolated network (i.e., not connected to the Internet). The first of them serves to identify a segment of the interconnected network, the second – to identify a specific node. Unique subnet IDs are created by splitting the host ID into two groups of bits. To subdivide a network into multiple subnets, you must use a different network ID for each segment. A subnet is a physical segment of a TCP / IP network that uses IP addresses with a common network identifier.
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